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  5. 安装sudo gem install cocoapods

安装sudo gem install cocoapods

安装sudo gem install cocoapods

1 更改源

终端执行命令：

gem sources --add <https://gems.ruby-china.com/> --remove <https://rubygems.org/>

[注]需要用ruby-china.org由于备案问题, 所以需要改成.com访问了


# 出现的异常，及解决方法
$ gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.org/ --remove https://rubygems.org/

Error fetching https://gems.ruby-china.org/:
	Errno::ECONNREFUSED: Failed to open TCP connection to gems.ruby-china.org:443 (Connection refused - connect(2) for "gems.ruby-china.org" port 443) (https://gems.ruby-china.org/specs.4.8.gz)

# 正确安装
$ gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.com/ --remove https://rubygems.org/

https://gems.ruby-china.com/ added to sources
https://rubygems.org/ removed from sources

2 查看源是否设置成功

接下来查看源路径是否替换成功，执行命令：


$ gem sources -l
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***

https://gems.ruby-china.com/

3 安装Cocoapods

3.1 安装命令

开始安装Cocoapods，执行命令：


$ sudo gem install cocoapods
Password:
Fetching i18n-0.9.5.gem
Fetching thread_safe-0.3.6.gem
Fetching tzinfo-1.2.7.gem
Fetching activesupport-4.2.11.3.gem
Fetching nap-1.1.0.gem
Fetching fuzzy_match-2.0.4.gem
Fetching concurrent-ruby-1.1.7.gem
Fetching httpclient-2.8.3.gem
Fetching algoliasearch-1.27.4.gem
Fetching ffi-1.13.1.gem
Fetching ethon-0.12.0.gem
Fetching typhoeus-1.4.0.gem
Fetching netrc-0.11.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-core-1.9.3.gem
Fetching claide-1.0.3.gem
Fetching cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.4.gem
Fetching cocoapods-downloader-1.4.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-search-1.0.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-stats-1.1.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-trunk-1.5.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-try-1.2.0.gem
Fetching molinillo-0.6.6.gem
Fetching atomos-0.1.3.gem
Fetching CFPropertyList-3.0.2.gem
Fetching colored2-3.1.2.gem
Fetching nanaimo-0.3.0.gem
Fetching xcodeproj-1.18.0.gem
Fetching escape-0.0.4.gem
Fetching fourflusher-2.3.1.gem
Fetching gh_inspector-1.1.3.gem
Fetching ruby-macho-1.4.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-1.9.3.gem
Successfully installed concurrent-ruby-1.1.7
Successfully installed i18n-0.9.5
Successfully installed thread_safe-0.3.6
Successfully installed tzinfo-1.2.7
Successfully installed activesupport-4.2.11.3
Successfully installed nap-1.1.0
Successfully installed fuzzy_match-2.0.4
Successfully installed httpclient-2.8.3
Successfully installed algoliasearch-1.27.4
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed ffi-1.13.1
Successfully installed ethon-0.12.0
Successfully installed typhoeus-1.4.0
Successfully installed netrc-0.11.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-core-1.9.3
Successfully installed claide-1.0.3
Successfully installed cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.4
Successfully installed cocoapods-downloader-1.4.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-search-1.0.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-stats-1.1.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-trunk-1.5.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-try-1.2.0
Successfully installed molinillo-0.6.6
Successfully installed atomos-0.1.3
Successfully installed CFPropertyList-3.0.2
Successfully installed colored2-3.1.2
Successfully installed nanaimo-0.3.0
Successfully installed xcodeproj-1.18.0
Successfully installed escape-0.0.4
Successfully installed fourflusher-2.3.1
Successfully installed gh_inspector-1.1.3
Successfully installed ruby-macho-1.4.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-1.9.3
Parsing documentation for concurrent-ruby-1.1.7
Installing ri documentation for concurrent-ruby-1.1.7
Parsing documentation for i18n-0.9.5
Installing ri documentation for i18n-0.9.5
Parsing documentation for thread_safe-0.3.6
Installing ri documentation for thread_safe-0.3.6
Parsing documentation for tzinfo-1.2.7
Installing ri documentation for tzinfo-1.2.7
Parsing documentation for activesupport-4.2.11.3
Installing ri documentation for activesupport-4.2.11.3
Parsing documentation for nap-1.1.0
Installing ri documentation for nap-1.1.0
Parsing documentation for fuzzy_match-2.0.4
Installing ri documentation for fuzzy_match-2.0.4
Parsing documentation for httpclient-2.8.3
Installing ri documentation for httpclient-2.8.3
Parsing documentation for algoliasearch-1.27.4
Installing ri documentation for algoliasearch-1.27.4
Parsing documentation for ffi-1.13.1
Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.13.1
Parsing documentation for ethon-0.12.0
Installing ri documentation for ethon-0.12.0
Parsing documentation for typhoeus-1.4.0
Installing ri documentation for typhoeus-1.4.0
Parsing documentation for netrc-0.11.0
Installing ri documentation for netrc-0.11.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-core-1.9.3
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-core-1.9.3
Parsing documentation for claide-1.0.3
Installing ri documentation for claide-1.0.3
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.4
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.4
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-downloader-1.4.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-downloader-1.4.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-search-1.0.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-search-1.0.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-stats-1.1.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-stats-1.1.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-trunk-1.5.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-trunk-1.5.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-try-1.2.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-try-1.2.0
Parsing documentation for molinillo-0.6.6
Installing ri documentation for molinillo-0.6.6
Parsing documentation for atomos-0.1.3
Installing ri documentation for atomos-0.1.3
Parsing documentation for CFPropertyList-3.0.2
Installing ri documentation for CFPropertyList-3.0.2
Parsing documentation for colored2-3.1.2
Installing ri documentation for colored2-3.1.2
Parsing documentation for nanaimo-0.3.0
Installing ri documentation for nanaimo-0.3.0
Parsing documentation for xcodeproj-1.18.0
Installing ri documentation for xcodeproj-1.18.0
Parsing documentation for escape-0.0.4
Installing ri documentation for escape-0.0.4
Parsing documentation for fourflusher-2.3.1
Installing ri documentation for fourflusher-2.3.1
Parsing documentation for gh_inspector-1.1.3
Installing ri documentation for gh_inspector-1.1.3
Parsing documentation for ruby-macho-1.4.0
Installing ri documentation for ruby-macho-1.4.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-1.9.3
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-1.9.3
Done installing documentation for concurrent-ruby, i18n, thread_safe, tzinfo, activesupport, nap, fuzzy_match, httpclient, algoliasearch, ffi, ethon, typhoeus, netrc, cocoapods-core, claide, cocoapods-deintegrate, cocoapods-downloader, cocoapods-plugins, cocoapods-search, cocoapods-stats, cocoapods-trunk, cocoapods-try, molinillo, atomos, CFPropertyList, colored2, nanaimo, xcodeproj, escape, fourflusher, gh_inspector, ruby-macho, cocoapods after 23 seconds
33 gems installed

3.2 安装cocoapods出现异常 


$ sudo gem install cocoapods
Password:
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing cocoapods:
	ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.13.1/ext/ffi_c
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/ruby -I /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20200926-19030-14rm5d4.rb extconf.rb
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
	--with-opt-dir
	--without-opt-dir
	--with-opt-include
	--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
	--with-opt-lib
	--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
	--with-make-prog
	--without-make-prog
	--srcdir=.
	--curdir
	--ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
	--with-ffi_c-dir
	--without-ffi_c-dir
	--with-ffi_c-include
	--without-ffi_c-include=${ffi_c-dir}/include
	--with-ffi_c-lib
	--without-ffi_c-lib=${ffi_c-dir}/lib
	--enable-system-libffi
	--disable-system-libffi
	--with-libffi-config
	--without-libffi-config
	--with-pkg-config
	--without-pkg-config
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:467:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:546:in `block in try_link0'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tmpdir.rb:93:in `mktmpdir'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:543:in `try_link0'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:570:in `try_link'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:672:in `try_ldflags'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1832:in `pkg_config'
	from extconf.rb:9:in `system_libffi_usable?'
	from extconf.rb:42:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-20/2.6.0/ffi-1.13.1/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.13.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-20/2.6.0/ffi-1.13.1/gem_make.out

3.3 解决安装cocoapods异常

从新安装rvm , 安装地址如下 https://rvm.io/rvm/install

Install RVM stable with ruby:


$ curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby   
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.29.10.tar.gz
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.10/1.29.10.tar.gz.asc
Found PGP signature at: 'https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.10/1.29.10.tar.gz.asc',
but no GPG software exists to validate it, skipping.
Upgrading the RVM installation in /Users/zhushuyan/.rvm/
    RVM PATH line found in /Users/zhushuyan/.mkshrc /Users/zhushuyan/.profile /Users/zhushuyan/.bashrc /Users/zhushuyan/.zshrc.
    RVM sourcing line found in /Users/zhushuyan/.profile /Users/zhushuyan/.bash_profile /Users/zhushuyan/.zlogin.
Upgrade of RVM in /Users/zhushuyan/.rvm/ is complete.

Thanks for installing RVM 🙏
Please consider donating to our open collective to help us maintain RVM.

👉  Donate: https://opencollective.com/rvm/donate

Ruby enVironment Manager 1.29.10 (latest) (c) 2009-2017 Michal Papis, Piotr Kuczynski, Wayne E. Seguin

Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.
No binary rubies available for: osx/11.0/x86_64/ruby-2.7.0.
Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm help mount' to get more information on binary rubies.
Checking requirements for osx.
Installing requirements for osx.
Updating system..........
Installing required packages: coreutils, libksba, zlib.......
Updating certificates bundle '/usr/local/etc/openssl@1.1/cert.pem'
Requirements installation successful.
Installing Ruby from source to: /Users/zhushuyan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.7.0, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)...
ruby-2.7.0 - #downloading ruby-2.7.0, this may take a while depending on your connection...
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 14.0M  100 14.0M    0     0  5359k      0  0:00:02  0:00:02 --:--:-- 5359k
ruby-2.7.0 - #extracting ruby-2.7.0 to /Users/zhushuyan/.rvm/src/ruby-2.7.0.....
ruby-2.7.0 - #configuring.........................................................................
ruby-2.7.0 - #post-configuration.
ruby-2.7.0 - #compiling........................................................................
ruby-2.7.0 - #installing............
ruby-2.7.0 - #making binaries executable...
Installed rubygems 3.1.2 is newer than 3.0.8 provided with installed ruby, skipping installation, use --force to force installation.
ruby-2.7.0 - #gemset created /Users/zhushuyan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.7.0@global
ruby-2.7.0 - #importing gemset /Users/zhushuyan/.rvm/gemsets/global.gems......................................-
ruby-2.7.0 - #generating global wrappers.......
ruby-2.7.0 - #gemset created /Users/zhushuyan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.7.0
ruby-2.7.0 - #importing gemsetfile /Users/zhushuyan/.rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list
ruby-2.7.0 - #generating default wrappers.......
ruby-2.7.0 - #adjusting #shebangs for (gem irb erb ri rdoc testrb rake).
Install of ruby-2.7.0 - #complete 
Ruby was built without documentation, to build it run: rvm docs generate-ri
Creating alias default for ruby-2.7.0....

  + To start using RVM you need to run `source /Users/zhushuyan/.rvm/scripts/rvm`
    in all your open shell windows, in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.

启动rvm


$ source /Users/zhushuyan/.rvm/scripts/rvm

# zhushuyan @ bogon in /Volumes/E/JYW/zsy619.github.io/blog on git:master x [7:12:56] 
$ rvm use ruby-2.7.0
Using /Users/zhushuyan/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.7.0

使用ruby

解决：ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension 


Try to switch ruby to homebrew version.

brew install ruby
brew link --overwrite ruby

If you need to have ruby first in your PATH run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

For compilers to find ruby you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/ruby/include"

For pkg-config to find ruby you may need to set:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/ruby/lib/pkgconfig"

安装成功 


$ sudo gem install cocoapods
Fetching thread_safe-0.3.6.gem
Fetching tzinfo-1.2.7.gem
Fetching activesupport-4.2.11.3.gem
Fetching fuzzy_match-2.0.4.gem
Fetching concurrent-ruby-1.1.7.gem
Fetching i18n-0.9.5.gem
Fetching nap-1.1.0.gem
Fetching httpclient-2.8.3.gem
Fetching ffi-1.13.1.gem
Fetching algoliasearch-1.27.4.gem
Fetching ethon-0.12.0.gem
Fetching typhoeus-1.4.0.gem
Fetching netrc-0.11.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-core-1.9.3.gem
Fetching claide-1.0.3.gem
Fetching cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.4.gem
Fetching cocoapods-downloader-1.4.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-search-1.0.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-stats-1.1.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-trunk-1.5.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-try-1.2.0.gem
Fetching molinillo-0.6.6.gem
Fetching atomos-0.1.3.gem
Fetching CFPropertyList-3.0.2.gem
Fetching colored2-3.1.2.gem
Fetching nanaimo-0.3.0.gem
Fetching xcodeproj-1.18.0.gem
Fetching escape-0.0.4.gem
Fetching fourflusher-2.3.1.gem
Fetching gh_inspector-1.1.3.gem
Fetching ruby-macho-1.4.0.gem
Fetching cocoapods-1.9.3.gem
Successfully installed concurrent-ruby-1.1.7
Successfully installed i18n-0.9.5
Successfully installed thread_safe-0.3.6
Successfully installed tzinfo-1.2.7
Successfully installed activesupport-4.2.11.3
Successfully installed nap-1.1.0
Successfully installed fuzzy_match-2.0.4
Successfully installed httpclient-2.8.3
Successfully installed algoliasearch-1.27.4
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed ffi-1.13.1
Successfully installed ethon-0.12.0
Successfully installed typhoeus-1.4.0
Successfully installed netrc-0.11.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-core-1.9.3
Successfully installed claide-1.0.3
Successfully installed cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.4
Successfully installed cocoapods-downloader-1.4.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-search-1.0.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-stats-1.1.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-trunk-1.5.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-try-1.2.0
Successfully installed molinillo-0.6.6
Successfully installed atomos-0.1.3
Successfully installed CFPropertyList-3.0.2
Successfully installed colored2-3.1.2
Successfully installed nanaimo-0.3.0
Successfully installed xcodeproj-1.18.0
Successfully installed escape-0.0.4
Successfully installed fourflusher-2.3.1
Successfully installed gh_inspector-1.1.3
Successfully installed ruby-macho-1.4.0
Successfully installed cocoapods-1.9.3
Parsing documentation for concurrent-ruby-1.1.7
Installing ri documentation for concurrent-ruby-1.1.7
Parsing documentation for i18n-0.9.5
Installing ri documentation for i18n-0.9.5
Parsing documentation for thread_safe-0.3.6
Installing ri documentation for thread_safe-0.3.6
Parsing documentation for tzinfo-1.2.7
Installing ri documentation for tzinfo-1.2.7
Parsing documentation for activesupport-4.2.11.3
Installing ri documentation for activesupport-4.2.11.3
Parsing documentation for nap-1.1.0
Installing ri documentation for nap-1.1.0
Parsing documentation for fuzzy_match-2.0.4
Installing ri documentation for fuzzy_match-2.0.4
Parsing documentation for httpclient-2.8.3
Installing ri documentation for httpclient-2.8.3
Parsing documentation for algoliasearch-1.27.4
Installing ri documentation for algoliasearch-1.27.4
Parsing documentation for ffi-1.13.1
Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.13.1
Parsing documentation for ethon-0.12.0
Installing ri documentation for ethon-0.12.0
Parsing documentation for typhoeus-1.4.0
Installing ri documentation for typhoeus-1.4.0
Parsing documentation for netrc-0.11.0
Installing ri documentation for netrc-0.11.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-core-1.9.3
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-core-1.9.3
Parsing documentation for claide-1.0.3
Installing ri documentation for claide-1.0.3
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.4
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.4
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-downloader-1.4.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-downloader-1.4.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-search-1.0.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-search-1.0.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-stats-1.1.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-stats-1.1.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-trunk-1.5.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-trunk-1.5.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-try-1.2.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-try-1.2.0
Parsing documentation for molinillo-0.6.6
Installing ri documentation for molinillo-0.6.6
Parsing documentation for atomos-0.1.3
Installing ri documentation for atomos-0.1.3
Parsing documentation for CFPropertyList-3.0.2
Installing ri documentation for CFPropertyList-3.0.2
Parsing documentation for colored2-3.1.2
Installing ri documentation for colored2-3.1.2
Parsing documentation for nanaimo-0.3.0
Installing ri documentation for nanaimo-0.3.0
Parsing documentation for xcodeproj-1.18.0
Installing ri documentation for xcodeproj-1.18.0
Parsing documentation for escape-0.0.4
Installing ri documentation for escape-0.0.4
Parsing documentation for fourflusher-2.3.1
Installing ri documentation for fourflusher-2.3.1
Parsing documentation for gh_inspector-1.1.3
Installing ri documentation for gh_inspector-1.1.3
Parsing documentation for ruby-macho-1.4.0
Installing ri documentation for ruby-macho-1.4.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-1.9.3
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-1.9.3
Done installing documentation for concurrent-ruby, i18n, thread_safe, tzinfo, activesupport, nap, fuzzy_match, httpclient, algoliasearch, ffi, ethon, typhoeus, netrc, cocoapods-core, claide, cocoapods-deintegrate, cocoapods-downloader, cocoapods-plugins, cocoapods-search, cocoapods-stats, cocoapods-trunk, cocoapods-try, molinillo, atomos, CFPropertyList, colored2, nanaimo, xcodeproj, escape, fourflusher, gh_inspector, ruby-macho, cocoapods after 24 seconds
33 gems installed
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